Flexural rigidity is defined as the force couple required to bend a non-rigid structure to a unit curvature.
In a beam or rod, flexural rigidity (defined as EI) varies along the length as a function of x shown in the following equation:
where is the Young's modulus (in Pa), is the 2nd moment of inertia (in m4), is the transverse displacement of the beam at x, and is the bending moment at x.
Flexural rigidity has SI units of Pa·m4 (which also equals N·m²).
The thin lithospheric plates which cover the surface of the Earth are also subject to flexure, when a load or force is applied to them. On a geological timescale, the lithosphere behaves elastically (in first approach) and can therefore bend under loading by mountain chains, volcanoes and so on.
The flexure of the plate depends on:
As flexural rigidity of the plate is determined by the Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and cube of the plates elastic thickness, it is a governing factor in both (1) and (2).
Flexural Rigidity[1]
= Young's Modulus
= elastic thickness (~10–15 km)
= Poisson's Ratio
Flexural rigidity of a plate has units of Pa·m3, i.e. one dimension of length less from the one for the rod, as it refers to the moment per unit length per unit of curvature, and not the total moment.